Prevalencia y factores pronósticos de caries dental en la población de 15 a 19 años / Prevalence and prognostic factors of dental caries in population aged 15 to 19

Introducción: las edades entre 15 y 19 años es una etapa en la que se pueden consolidar actitudes y comportamientos saludables como los de prevención de la caries dental. Objetivos: identificar la prevalencia de caries dental y los factores pronósticos que conducen a la enfermedad en los adolescentes de 15 a 19 años de los consultorios 8 y 25 del Área de Salud Julián Grimau en el año 2012. Método: se realizó una investigación descriptiva. El universo fue de 120 adolescentes, residentes en el área que atienden los consultorios. Se exploraron variables de estado de salud bucal, características socioeconómicas, prácticas nocivas a la salud, y daños a la salud. La información se resumió en frecuencias absolutas y por cientos. Se aplicó la prueba estadística de independencia para identificar la asociación entre la presencia de caries dental y las variables estudiadas con un nivel de significación de 0,05. Para la identificación de los factores pronósticos, la muestra se dividió en dos grupos, los casos fueron los adolescentes con caries y los controles, los que no la tenían; se utilizó la regresión logística paso a paso y mediante el estadígrafo de Wald con una significación de 0,05 se agregaron las variables al modelo. Resultados: la caries dental estuvo presente en la tercera parte de los adolescentes. Los afectados presentaron más frecuentemente historia anterior de caries, placa dentobacteriana, uso de aparatos de ortodoncia, enfermedad periodontal, incorrecta calidad del cepillado, consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, condiciones inadecuadas de la vivienda; la ocupación de los adolescentes y de los padres respondía a menos remuneración. Los factores pronósticos de caries fueron: la historia anterior de caries dental, la enfermedad gingival, el consumo de alimentos cariogénicos, el apiñamiento y la ocupación de la madre. Conclusiones: la presencia de caries estuvo relacionada con prácticas nocivas a la salud y aspectos socioeconómicos y clínicos que a su vez son factores pronósticos para la aparición de una nueva afección dentaria de este tipo(AU)

Introduction: ages between 15 and 19 years is a stage in which attitudes and healthy behaviors such as the prevention of dental caries can be consolidated. Objectives: identify the prevalence of dental caries and the prognostic factors leading to disease in adolescents aged 15 to 19 assisted at medical practices 8 and 25 in Julian Grimau Health Area during 2012. Method: a descriptive research was conducted. The universe was 120 adolescents, residing in the health areas of these two medical practices. Variables were explored such as oral health status, socio-economic characteristics, harmful health practices, and health damage. Data is summarized in absolute frequencies and percentages. Statistical independence test was applied to identify the association between the presence of dental caries and these variables with a significance level of 0.05. For identifying of prognostic factors, the sample was divided into two groups: cases (teenagers with cavities) and controls (those who did not have). The stepwise logistic regression was used and variables to the model were added through Wald statistic with 0.05 significance. Results: the third of adolescents had caries. Those affected presented more frequently previous history of caries, presence of plaque, use of braces, periodontal disease, improper brushing, cariogenic food consumption, inadequate housing conditions and the occupation of adolescents and their parents responded to low income salary. The caries prognostic factors were previous history of caries, the presence of gum disease, cariogenic foods, crowding and their mother´s occupation. Conclusions: the presence of caries was associated with harmful health practices and socio-economic and clinical aspects, which in turn forecasts the emergence of a new dental condition of such factors(AU)

Antitumoral, mutagenic and (anti)estrogenic activities of tingenone and pristimerin

Cancer constitutes the second main mortality cause in the world, after cardiovascular diseases. In spite of the progresses in the chemotherapeutics treatments, many patients fail chemotherapy, mainly because of side effects or multi-drugs resistance, proving the need and importance of the research for new molecules with anticancer activity, more effective and with smaller adverse effects. Various compounds derived from plant secondary metabolites are commonly used in the chemotherapy against cancer and the natural products play an important role in the research for new molecules. Among several molecules of natural origin evaluated by MTT assay in murine tumor cell lines [breast (LM3) and lung (LP07)] the quinona-methide triterpenes tingenone and pristimerin showed marked cytotoxic activity presenting IC50 around 2 and 5 µM respectively. The structure-activity relationship suggests that rings A and B containing an α, ß-unsaturated carbonyl group are essential for the observed cytotoxic activity. The interaction between these positions and acetylcisteyne residues suggests a probable mechanism of action. The in vitro mutagenic activity was also evaluated by the Salmonella microsome assay (Ames test) for pristimerin and tingenone with and without metabolic activation (S9) in the strains TA98, TA97a, TA100 and TA102, none of which showed mutagenic potential in any strains. Estrogenic and anti-estrogenic activities were also studied by the e-screen assay in MCF-7 cells with negative results. The present data point to the importance of pristimerin and tingenone as representative of an emerging class of potential anticancer chemicals.